NEWSLETTER
The ethereum co-founder, Vitalik Bugerin, has proposed a new frame for the safety of the Capa-2 (L2) roll that could bring a faster purpose and stronger guarantees of confidence to the ethereum scale ecosystem.
In a recent one <a target="_blank" href="https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/a-simple-l2-security-and-finalization-roadmap/23309″>proposalButerin described a roadmap built around a hybrid -proof architecture that combines zero knowledge tests, optimistic rolls and confidence execution environments (TEE) while avoiding excessive dependence on any unique system.
The proposal comes when the L2 landscape of ethereum matures. Several curled up have been expected to have reached stage 1 on the ethereum scale of scale map, and the upcoming updates, such as Pin and Fusaka, are expected to significantly expand the availability of data shields for the use of the creature.
Buterin said the approach now is to bring these rollups to stage 2, which requires a greater degree of trust and faster transactions. In the short term, he believes that the strongest approach is a three depletion system, where two of three mechanisms must validate the state root of a role to achieve the purpose.
Under this model, if both a ZK Prover and a Tee Prover approve a state root, the result is ended immediately. If only one approves, the system returns to an optimistic model that requires a seven -day challenge period.
The optimistic layer acts as a final referee, which prevents the semi -decisive systems from annulled decisions when the most reliable systems do not agree.
Purpose without trust
Buterin emphasized that this architecture is carefully designed to meet the specific security and decentralization objectives that are described for the accumulations of stage 2.
It provides a rapid purpose in normal operations, guarantees that minimized trusted test systems cannot be annulled by semi-controlled components and reduces dependence on the current generation of ZK systems, which remain vulnerable to errors and shared code exploits.
It also introduced a mechanism for a security council to serve as a safeguard. This advice could immediately update Tee's logic in case of failure and make delayed changes in ZK or optimistic systems.
In rare scenarios, such as processors that produce contradictory results, the Council would have the authority to intervene instantly, preserving the integrity of the system.
According to Buterin, this combination, a prover zk, an optimistic prover and a tee, represents the only viable way of achieving ethereum's objectives in stage 2 without sacrificing speed or security.
ZK and OP systems are based on fundamentally different mathematical assumptions, which makes the probability of shared vulnerabilities extremely low. As such, combining them with a shirt has a practical balance that is unlikely to fail together.
Scale with drops and aggregate tests
Looking beyond the test architecture, Bugerin also addressed the ethereum evolutionary data layer. He pointed out the tong update, expected in a few weeks, which will increase the BLOB space to six units per block.
A posterior update, Fusaka, could increase that number to up to 72, drastically expanding the data bandwidth available for the rolls. More Blob space reduces congestion and makes L2 transactions cheaper and more scalable.
The road map also caught attention to a missing piece in ethereum infrastructure: a testing layer of the entire standardized ecosystem. Buterin argued that applications in the ethereum battery, from the rolls and privacy protocols to wallet recovery tools, should not have to present individual zero knowledge tests.
Instead, an shared aggregation mechanism would allow all these applications to combine their outputs in a single unified test. This would drastically reduce gas costs by spreading the gas load of approximately 500,000 gas submission gas in all participants.
Buterin said the ethereum community is already on the way to producing ZK-EVM capable of generating evidence within a single slot, even in the worst conditions.
As these systems mature and eliminate critical errors, shirts could eventually be completely eliminated. In that scenario, ethereum's rollups would achieve full confidence, with instantaneous purpose and zero dependence on semi-controlled components.
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